Dry Skin (Xerosis) – Consultant Dermatology Diagnosis & Treatment in London

Understanding dry skin

Dry skin, also known medically as xerosis, is one of the most widespread skin complaints. It occurs when the skin lacks sufficient water or natural oils, weakening its protective barrier. While often mild, persistent dryness can cause irritation, discomfort, and susceptibility to other skin conditions.

Causes of dry skin

Dry skin has many potential triggers:

• Environmental factors: Cold weather, low humidity, and central heating strip moisture from the skin.
• Harsh cleansers and frequent washing: Soaps and hot water remove natural oils.
• Medical conditions: Eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, and thyroid disease may contribute.
• Ageing: With age, skin produces less oil, increasing dryness.
• Medications: Diuretics, retinoids, and acne treatments can dry the skin.

Symptoms and impact

The hallmark symptoms of dry skin include tightness, flaking, rough texture, and itching. In severe cases, cracks and bleeding can develop, increasing the risk of secondary infections. Itching can also disturb sleep and lower quality of life.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually straightforward and based on visual inspection and medical history. Dermatologists may explore underlying causes if dryness is chronic, localised, or associated with rashes.

Treatment options

Treatment focuses on restoring hydration and repairing the skin barrier. Options include:

• Emollients and moisturisers: Creams, ointments, and lotions tailored to skin severity.
• Barrier repair therapy: Products enriched with ceramides and lipids.
• Prescription treatments: Topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors if associated with eczema.
• Advanced clinic treatments: Hydration facials, skin boosters, or laser therapies for chronic dry skin.

Lifestyle advice

Daily habits can greatly reduce dryness:

• Use fragrance-free cleansers and avoid harsh soaps.
• Apply moisturiser within minutes after bathing.
• Use a humidifier in dry environments.
• Wear gloves in cold weather and when using cleaning products.

Dry skin in special groups

In older adults, dryness is often more pronounced due to reduced oil production. In children, it may be linked to eczema. In skin of colour, dryness may present with visible greyness or “ashy” skin, requiring culturally tailored care.

Why choose Skinhorizon?

At Skinhorizon, we offer expert diagnosis and treatment for all severities of dry skin. Our team uses advanced dermatology care, personalised skincare plans, and in-clinic therapies to improve both skin health and comfort.

Your first visit — what to expect

1. Assessment: Review of symptoms, skincare habits, and medical history.
2. Skin examination: Identifying extent and severity of dryness.
3. Treatment plan: Personalised moisturiser and care routine recommendations.
4. Advanced options: Consideration of in-clinic therapies for persistent dryness.
5. Follow-up: Monitoring progress and adjusting care as needed.

Reviewed by: Dr Mohammad Ghazavi, Consultant Dermatologist
Skinhorizon Clinic, 4 Clarendon Terrace, Maida Vale, London W9 1BZ
Last reviewed: 20 August 2025